Here is a partial list of research and articles that support the benefits of supplementing your diet with digestive enzymes. You will notice some references to Proteolytic Enzymes in the listed articles. These are enzymes that help to digest proteins and are included in my formula.
Dental Plaque and Heart Disease
Digestive Problems and Food Allergies
Sports Injuries, Tissue Inflamation & Pain
Effects of Digestive Enzyme Supplements on Dental Plaque, Tartar and Heart Disease
Williams, David D., DC, Take a Bite Out of Heart Disease, Alternatives For the Health Conscious Individual, 2001, Volume 8 Number 24:185-192.
Gutfreund AE, Taussig SJ, Morris AK Effect of oral bromelain on blood pressure and heart rate of hypertensive patients. Hawaii Med J (United States), May 1978, 37(5) p143-6
Effects of Digestive Enzyme Supplements on Digestive Problems / Food Allergies
Suarez F, Levitt MD, Adshead J, Barkin JS. Pancreatic supplements reduce symptomatic response of healthy subjects to a high fat meal. Dig Dis Sci 1999;44:1317–21.
Oelgoetz AW, Oelgoetz PA, Wittenkind J. The treatment of food allergy and indigestion of pancreatic origin with pancreatic enzymes. Am J Dig Dis Nutr 1935;2:422–6.
McCann M. Pancreatic enzyme supplement for treatment of multiple food allergies. Ann Allergy 1993;71:269 [abstr #17].
Ambrus JL, Lassman HB, DeMarchi JJ. Absorption of exogenous and endogenous proteolytic enzymes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1967;8:362–8.
Izaka K, Yamada M, Kawano T, Suyama T. Gastrointestinal absorption and anti-inflammatory effect of bromelain. Jpn J Pharmacol 1972;22:519–34.
Gullo L. Indication for pancreatic enzyme treatment in non-pancreatic digestive diseases. Digestion 1993;54(suppl 2):43–7.
Kleveland PM, Johannessen T, Kristensen P, et al. Effect of pancreatic enzymes in non-ulcer dyspepsia. A pilot study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1990;25:298–301.
Patel RS, Johlin FC Jr, Murray JA. Celiac disease and recurrent pancreatitis . Gastrointest Endosc 1999;50:823–7.
Layer P, Groger G. Fate of pancreatic enzymes in the human intestinal lumen in health and pancreatic insufficiency. Digestion 1993;54(suppl 2):10–4.
Gonzalez NJ, Isaacs, LL. Evaluation of pancreatic proteolytic enzyme treatment of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, with nutrition and detoxification support. Nutr Cancer 1999;33:117–24.
Nakamura T, Tandoh Y, Terada A, et al. Effects of high-lipase pancreatin on fecal fat, neutral sterol, bile acid, and short-chain fatty acid excretion in patients with pancreatic insufficiency resulting from chronic pancreatitis . Int J Pancreatol 1998;23:63–70.
Shaw D, Leon C, Kolev S, et al. Traditional remedies and food supplements . A 5-year toxicological study (1991-1995). Drug Saf. 1997;17:342–356.
Effects of Digestive Enzyme Supplements on Surgery and Diseases
Cichoke AJ. The effect of systemic enzyme therapy on cancer cells and the immune system. Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients 1995;Nov:30–2 [review].
Seligman B. Bromelain: an anti-inflammatory agent. Angiology 1962;13:508–10.
Wolf M, Ransberger K. Enzyme Therapy. New York: Vantage Press 1972, 135–220 [review].
Kleine MW, Stauder GM, Beese EW. The intestinal absorption of orally administered hydrolytic enzymes and their effects in the treatment of acute herpes zoster as compared with those of oral acyclovir therapy. Phytomedicine 1995;2:7–15.
Stevens JC, Maguiness KM, Hollingsworth J, et al. Pancreatic enzyme supplementation in cystic fibrosis patients before and after fibrosing colonopathy . J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1998;26:80–4.
Oades PJ, Bush A, Ong PS, Brereton RJ. High-strength pancreatic enzyme supplements and large-bowel stricture in cystic fibrosis. Lancet 1994;343:109 [letter].
Campbell CA, Forrest J, Muscgrove C. High-strength pancreatic enzyme supplements and large-bowel stricture in cystic fibrosis. Lancet 1994;343:109–10 [letter]
Milla CE, Wielinski CL, Warwick WJ. High-strength pancreatic enzymes . Lancet 1994;343:599 [letter].
Jones R, Franklin K, Spicer R, Berry J. Colonic strictures in children with cystic fibrosis on low-strength pancreatic enzymes. Lancet 1995;346:499–500 [letter].
Powell CJ. Pancreatic enzymes and fibrosing colonopathy. Lancet 1999;354:251 [letter].
Schulz V, Hansel R, Tyler VE. Rational Phytotherapy: A Physicians' Guide to Herbal Medicine. 3rd ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag; 1998:263.
Rahn HD. Efficacy of hydorlytic enzymes in surgery. Paper presented at: 24th FIMS World Congress of Sports Medicine; May 27–June 1, 1990; Amsterdam.
Vinzenz K. Treatment of edema with hydrolytic enzymes in oral surgical procedures [translated from German]. Quintessenz. 1991;42:1053–1064.
Seltzer AP. Minimizing post-operative edema and ecchymoses by the use of an oral enzyme preparation (bromelain): a controlled study of 53 rhinoplasty cases. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1962;41:813–817.
Zatuchni GI, Colombi DJ. Bromelains therapy for the prevention of episiotomy pain. Obstet Gynecol. 1967;29:275–278.
Spaeth GL. The effect of bromelains on the inflammatory response caused by cataract extraction: a double-blind study. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1968;47:634–639.
Billigmann VP. Enzyme therapy—an alternative in treatment of herpes zoster. A controlled study of 192 patients [translated from German]. Fortschr Med. 1995;113:43–48.
Kleine MW, Stauder GM, Beese EW. The intestinal absorption of orally administered hydrolytic enzymes and their effects in the treatment of acute herpes zoster as compared with those of oral acyclovir therapy. Phytomedicine. 1995;2:7–15.
Gerard G Anticancer treatment and bromelains Agressologie (France), 1972, 13(4) p261-74
Bombaglio G, Forster LR, Trentalancia M Clinical study on the use of vegetable proteolytic enzymes (bromelains) in dentistry Rass Trimest Odontoiatr (Italy), Oct-Dec 1970, 51(4) p183-9
Seligman B Oral bromelains as adjuncts in the treatment of acute thrombophlebitis. Angiology (United States), Jan 1969, 20(1) p22-6
Spaeth GL The effect of bromelains on the inflammatory response caused by cataract extraction: a double-blind study. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon (United States), Dec 1968, 47(12) p634-9
Ryan RE A double-blind clinical evaluation of bromelains in the treatment of acute sinusitis. Headache (United States), Apr 1967, 7(1) p13-7
Taub SJ The use of bromelains in sinusitis: a double-blind clinical evaluation. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon (United States), Mar 1967, 46(3) p361-2 passim
Brakebusch M, Wintergerst U, Petropoulou T, et al. Bromelain is an accelerator of phagocytosis, respiratory burst and Killing of Candida albicans by human granulocytes and monocytes. Eur J Med Res (Germany), May 29 2001, 6(5) p193-200
Engwerda CR, Andrew D, Murphy M, et al. Bromelain activates murine macrophages and natural killer cells in vitro. Cell Immunol (United States), May 25 2001, 210(1) p5-10
Kane S, Goldberg MJ Use of bromelain for mild ulcerative colitis. Ann Intern Med (United States), Apr 18 2000, 132(8) p680
Paczek L, Kropiewnicka EH, Bartlomiejczyk I, et al. Systemic proteolytic enzyme treatment diminishes urinary interleukin 6 in diabetic patients. Nephron (Switzerland), Feb 2000, 84(2) p194-5
Taussig SJ, Szekerczes J, Batkin S Inhibition of tumour growth in vitro by bromelain, an extract of the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus). Planta Med (Germany, West), Dec 1985, (6) p538-9
[Oral enzyme therapy in osteoarthritis of the knee.
Proteolytic enzyme are effective with few risks] MMW
Fortschr Med (Germany), Jun 7 2001, 143(23) p44-6
Engwerda CR, Andrew D, Ladhams A, et al. Bromelain
modulates T cell and B cell immune responses in vitro and in vivo.
Cell Immunol (United States), May 25 2001, 210(1) p66-75
Mynott TL, Ladhams A, Scarmato P, et al. Bromelain, from
pineapple stems, proteolytically blocks activation of
extracellular regulated kinase-2 in T cells. J Immunol
(United States), Sep 1 1999, 163(5) p2568-75
Kamenicek V, Holan P [Systemic enzyme therapy in
osteosynthesis of the long bones] Rozhl Chir (Czech
Republic), Jun 1999, 78(6) p279-81
Metzig C, Grabowska E, Eckert K, et al.
Bromelain proteases reduce human platelet aggregation in
vitro, adhesion to bovine endothelial cells and thrombus
formation in rat vessels in vivo. In Vivo (Greece),
Jan-Feb 1999, 13(1) p7-12
Chandler DS, Mynott TL Bromelain protects piglets from
diarrhoea caused by oral challenge with K88 positive
enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Gut (England), Aug
1998, 43(2) p196-202
Hale LP, Haynes BF Bromelain treatment of human T cells
removes CD44, CD45RA, E2/MIC2, CD6, CD7, CD8, and Leu 8/LAM1
surface molecules and markedly enhances CD2-mediated T cell
activation. J Immunol (United States), Dec 15 1992,
149(12) p3809-16
Braun B Attenuation of contraction-induced skeletal
muscle injury by bromelain. Med Sci Sports Exerc (United
States), Jun 1992, 24(6) p733-4
Walker JA, Cerny FJ, Cotter JR, et al. Attenuation of
contraction-induced skeletal muscle injury by bromelain.
Med Sci Sports Exerc (United States), Jan 1992, 24(1) p20-5
Batkin S, Taussig SJ, Szekerezes J
Antimetastatic effect of bromelain with or without its
proteolytic and anticoagulant activity. J Cancer Res
Clin Oncol (Germany, West), 1988, 114(5) p507-8
Komiya M [Pharmacokinetic analyses of the absorption of
ampicillin and amoxicillin into the blood and experimentally
infected skin after simultaneous administration of an antibiotic
with bromelain and lysozyme] Nichidai Koko Kagaku
(Japan), Sep 1986, 12(3) p246-60
Bucci E, Bucci P, Sorrentino F, et al. [Use of a drug
combination of deoxyribonuclease and bromelain in post-operative
oral surgery] Riv Ital Stomatol (Italy), Oct 1984,
53(10) p685-9
Favero S [Simultaneous therapy of inflammation and
bacterial infection. Proteolytic activity of the saliva after
administration of bromelain] G Stomatol Ortognatodonzia
(Italy), Jul-Sep 1984, 3(3) p382-3
Bradbrook ID, Morrison PJ, Rogers HJ The effect of
bromelain on the absorption of orally administered tetracycline.
Br J Clin Pharmacol (England), Dec 1978, 6(6) p552-4
Gutfreund AE, Taussig SJ, Morris AK Effect of oral
bromelain on blood pressure and heart rate of hypertensive
patients. Hawaii Med J (United States), May 1978, 37(5)
p143-6
Taussig SJ, Yokoyama MM, Chinen A, et al. Bromelain: a
proteolytic enzyme and its clinical application. A review.
Hiroshima J Med Sci (Japan), Sep 1975, 24(2-3) p185-93
Ishikawa H, Oguro Y [Protective effect of stem-bromelain
in combination with antibiotics on experimental infection in mice
induced by Streptococcus hemolyticus, Diplococcus pneumoniae, or
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (author's transl)] Jpn J Antibiot
(Japan), Apr 1974, 27(2) p118-21
Levine N, Seifter E, Connerton C, et al. Debridement of
experimental skin burns of pigs with bromelain, a pineapple-stem
enzyme. Plast Reconstr Surg (United States), Oct 1973,
52(4) p413-24
Takano T, Ishikawa H, Yoshioka M, et al. [Effect of
bromelain in increasing blood levels of antibiotics given
intraduodenally] Jpn J Antibiot (Japan), Apr 1973, 26(2)
p154-6
Izaka KI, Yamada M, Kawano T, et al. Gastrointestinal
absorption and antiinflammatory effect of bromelain. Jpn
J Pharmacol (Japan), Aug 1972, 22(4) p519-34
Gerard G [Anticancer treatment and bromelains]
Agressologie (France), 1972, 13(4) p261-74
Bombaglio G, Forster LR, Trentalancia M [Clinical study
on the use of vegetable proteolytic enzymes (bromelains) in
dentistry] Rass Trimest Odontoiatr (Italy), Oct-Dec
1970, 51(4) p183-9
Blonstein JL Control of swelling in boxing injuries.
Practitioner (England), Aug 1969, 203(214) p206
Lang H, Helger R, Lucker P, et al. [On the systemic
effect of orally administered bromelin]
Arzneimittelforschung (Germany, West), Jun 1969, 19(6) p939-44
Yagami Y, Aoyama T Action of bromelain of the uterine
cervix. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Jpn (Japan), Jan 1969,
16(1) p12-6
Seligman B Oral bromelains as adjuncts in the treatment
of acute thrombophlebitis. Angiology (United States),
Jan 1969, 20(1) p22-6
Spaeth GL The effect of bromelains on the inflammatory
response caused by cataract extraction: a double-blind study.
Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon (United States), Dec 1968, 47(12) p634-9
Enomoto T, Mineshita S, Shigei T Protective effect of
stem bromelain against adrenaline pulmonary edema, and its
dependence on the proteolytic activity. Jpn J Pharmacol
(Japan), Jun 1968, 18(2) p260-5
Ryan RE A double-blind clinical evaluation of bromelains
in the treatment of acute sinusitis. Headache (United
States), Apr 1967, 7(1) p13-7
Taub SJ The use of bromelains in sinusitis: a
double-blind clinical evaluation. Eye Ear Nose Throat
Mon (United States), Mar 1967, 46(3) p361-2 passim
Zatuchni GI, Colombi DJ Bromelains therapy for the
prevention of episiotomy pain. Obstet Gynecol (United
States), Feb 1967, 29(2) p275-8
Brakebusch M, Wintergerst U, Petropoulou T, et al. Bromelain
is an accelerator of phagocytosis, respiratory burst and Killing
of Candida albicans by human granulocytes and monocytes.
Eur J Med Res (Germany), May 29 2001, 6(5) p193-200
Engwerda CR, Andrew D, Murphy M, et al. Bromelain
activates murine macrophages and natural killer cells in vitro.
Cell Immunol (United States), May 25 2001, 210(1) p5-10
Glade MJ, Kendra D, Kaminski MV Improvement in protein
utilization in nursing-home patients on tube feeding supplemented
with an enzyme product derived from Aspergillus niger and
bromelain. Nutrition (United States), Apr 2001, 17(4)
p348-50
Kane S, Goldberg MJ Use of bromelain for mild ulcerative
colitis. Ann Intern Med (United States), Apr 18 2000,
132(8) p680
Paczek L, Kropiewnicka EH, Bartlomiejczyk I, et al. Systemic
proteolytic enzyme treatment diminishes urinary interleukin 6 in
diabetic patients. Nephron (Switzerland), Feb 2000,
84(2) p194-5
Klein G, Kullich W [Reducing pain by oral enzyme therapy
in rheumatic diseases] Wien Med Wochenschr (Austria),
1999, 149(21-22) p577-80
Mynott TL, Luke RK, Chandler DS Oral administration of
protease inhibits enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli receptor
activity in piglet small intestine.
Gut (England), Jan 1996, 38(1) p28-32
Masson M [Bromelain in blunt injuries of the locomotor
system. A study of observed applications in general practice]
Fortschr Med (Germany), Jul 10 1995, 113(19) p303-6
Kumakura S, Yamashita M, Tsurufuji S
Effect of bromelain on kaolin-induced inflammation in rats.
Eur J Pharmacol (Netherlands), Jun 10 1988, 150(3) p295-301
Taussig SJ, Batkin S
Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and
its clinical application. An update.
J Ethnopharmacol (Switzerland), Feb-Mar 1988, 22(2) p191-203
Batkin S, Taussig S, Szekerczes J
Modulation of pulmonary metastasis (Lewis lung carcinoma) by
bromelain, an extract of the pineapple stem (Ananas comosus).
Cancer Invest (United States), 1988, 6(2) p241-2
Kalimanovska V, Whitaker KB, Moss DW
Effect of bromelain on alkaline phosphatases of intestinal and
non-intestinal tissues and serum.
Clin Chim Acta (Netherlands), Dec 1987, 170(2-3) p219-25
Taussig SJ, Szekerczes J, Batkin S
Inhibition of tumour growth in vitro by bromelain, an extract of
the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus).
Planta Med (Germany, West), Dec 1985, (6) p538-9
Goldstein N, Taussig SJ, Gallup JD, et al.
Bromelain as a skin cancer preventive in hairless mice.
Hawaii Med J (United States), Mar 1975, 34(3) p91-4
Effects of Digestive Enzyme Supplements on Sports Injuries, Tissue Inflamation and Pain
Izaka KI, Yamada M, Kawano T, et al. Gastrointestinal absorption and antiinflammatory effect of bromelain. Jpn J Pharmacol (Japan), Aug 1972, 22(4) p519-34
Oral enzyme therapy in osteoarthritis of the knee. Proteolytic enzyme are effective with few risks. MMW Fortschr Med (Germany), Jun 7 2001, 143(23) p44-6
Braun B Attenuation of contraction-induced skeletal muscle injury by bromelain. Med Sci Sports Exerc (United States), Jun 1992, 24(6) p733-4
Walker JA, Cerny FJ, Cotter JR, et al. Attenuation of contraction-induced skeletal muscle injury by bromelain. Med Sci Sports Exerc (United States), Jan 1992, 24(1) p20-5
Masson M Bromelain in blunt injuries of the locomotor
system. A study of observed applications in general practice
Fortschr Med (Germany), Jul 10 1995, 113(19) p303-6
Kumakura S, Yamashita M, Tsurufuji S Effect of bromelain
on kaolin-induced inflammation in rats.Eur J Pharmacol
(Netherlands), Jun 10 1988, 150(3) p295-301
Tassman GC, Zafran JN, Zayon GM. Evaluation of a plant proteolytic enzyme for the control of inflammation and pain. J Dent Med. 1964;19:73–77.
Seligman B. Bromelain: an anti-inflammatory agent. Angiology 1962;13:508–10.
Zuschlag JM. Double-blind clinical study using certain proteolytic enzyme mixtures in karate fighters. Working paper. Mucos Pharma GmbH (Germany).1988;1–5.
Baumuller M. The application of hydrolytic enzymes in blunt wounds to the soft tissue and distortion of the ankle joint: a double-blind clinical trial [translated from German]. Allgemeinmedizin. 1990;19:178–182.
Rathgeber WF. The use of proteolytic enzymes in sporting injuries . S Afr Med J. 1971;45:181–183.
Shaw PC. The use of a trypsin-chymotrypsin formulation in fractures of the hand. Br J Clin Pract. 1969;23:25–26.
Deitrick RE. Oral proteolytic enzymes in the treatment of athletic injuries: a double-blind study. Pa Med. 1965;68:35–37.
Kleine MW, Pabst H. The effect of an oral enzyme therapy on experimentally produced hematomas [translated from German]. Forum des Prakt und Allgemeinarztes. 1988;27:42, 45–46, 48.
Rahn HD. Efficacy of hydorlytic enzymes in surgery. Paper presented at: 24th FIMS World Congress of Sports Medicine; May 27-June 1, 1990; Amsterdam.
Vinzenz K. Treatment of edema with hydrolytic enzymes in oral surgical procedures [translated from German]. Quintessenz. 1991;42:1053–1064.
Seltzer AP. Minimizing post-operative edema and ecchymoses by the use of an oral enzyme preparation (bromelain): a controlled study of 53 rhinoplasty cases. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1962;41:813–817.
Blonstein JL. Control of swelling in boxing injuries. Practitioner. 1969;203:206. 26. Zatuchni GI, Colombi DJ. Bromelains therapy for the prevention of episiotomy pain. Obstet Gynecol. 1967;29:275–278.
Zatuchni GI, Colombi DJ. Bromelains therapy for the prevention of episiotomy pain. Obstet Gynecol. 1967;29:275-278.
Klein G, Kullich W Reducing pain by oral enzyme therapy in rheumatic diseases Wien Med Wochenschr (Austria), 1999, 149(21-22) p577-80
Spaeth GL. The effect of bromelains on the inflammatory response caused by cataract extraction: a double-blind study. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon. 1968;47:634–639.
Howat RC, Lewis GD. The effect of bromelain therapy on episiotomy wounds—a double-blind controlled clinical trial. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw. 1972;79:951–953.
Billigmann VP. Enzyme therapy—an alternative in treatment of herpes zoster. A controlled study of 192 patients [translated from German]. Fortschr Med. 1995;113:43–48.
Kleine MW, Stauder GM, Beese EW. The intestinal absorption of orally administered hydrolytic enzymes and their effects in the treatment of acute herpes zoster as compared with those of oral acyclovir therapy. Phytomedicine. 1995;2:7–15.
Cameron IW. An investigation into some of the factors concerned in the surgical removal of the impacted lower wisdom tooth, including a double blind trial of chymoral. Br J Oral Surg. 1980;18:112–124.
Soule SD, Wasserman HC, Burstein R. Oral proteolytic enzyme therapy in episiotomy patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1966;95:820–823.
Frank SC. Use of chymoral as an anti-inflammatory agent following surgical trauma. J Am Podiatr Assoc. 1965;55:706–709.
Gylling U, Rintala A, Taipale S, et al. The effect of a proteolytic enzyme combinate (bromelain) on the postoperative edema by oral application . A clinical and experimental study. Acta Chir Scand. 1966;131:193–196.
Braun B Attenuation of contraction-induced skeletal muscle injury by bromelain. Med Sci Sports Exerc (United States), Jun 1992, 24(6) p733-4
Walker JA, Cerny FJ, Cotter JR, et al. Attenuation of contraction-induced skeletal muscle injury by bromelain. Med Sci Sports Exerc (United States), Jan 1992, 24(1) p20-5